Adenomyosis is a non-malignant disease in which the lining of the uterus is found in the myometrium, the muscle tissue of the uterus.
Animal models have provided limited insight into the still unclear pathogenesis of adenomyosis, but have provided a platform for preclinical screening of a number of drugs and compounds with therapeutic effects, and have revealed the mechanisms underlying pain and fertility problems in women with the disease.
Spontaneous adenomyosis has been studied in primates, mainly in the form of case reports, and these spontaneous, i.e. naturally occurring, cases are described in the EndoStop SisterHood magazine a few months ago, because it's an incredibly exciting subject and has a lot of implications that we need to consider.
In laboratory conditions, the disease was experimentally induced in mice.
This is very interesting to me, how they do it, I thought you might be interested.Obviously, it's not easy for me as a vegan to talk about this, because these animals go through a lot of suffering, but on the one hand, science communication involves talking honestly about things that are not easy, and on the other hand, I reassure myself that at least this is not about someone's delicious dinner, but about understanding a disease that affects millions of lives.
Now, about methods to create adenomyosis in healthy mice.
- neonatal exposure to tamoxifen
- pituitary "grafting", in which a "graft", i.e. tissue from another source, is implanted into the mouse.
- xenotransplantation of human tissues
In this way, genetically engineered model animals have been created that better mimic human conditions, in particular changes in beta-catenin gene expression.
+1 Several studies have also reported hormonal or environmental toxic exposure causing adenomyosis in mice.
Tamoxifen belongs to a group of anti-hormones. This type of medicine counteracts the effects of hormones that are physiologically present in the body. Tamoxifen reduces the effect of the female sex hormone oestradiol. This hormone plays a role in the growth of certain tumours, such as breast cancer, and tamoxifen is often used in the treatment of women with breast cancer, especially hormone-dependent tumours.
Genetically engineered models have been created to simulate the human-like condition and allow the disease to be studied. These animal models contribute to understanding the factors behind the development of symptoms.
Animal models offer a unique opportunity to understand the molecular basis of adenomyosis and to develop effective treatment options for affected women. Researchers can use them to assess the different options and their limitations in terms of designing and fine-tuning new therapeutic interventions.
Source : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33105508/
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